Hydrocarbon-burner and connection therefor



{No Model.) 2 SheetsSl1eet 1.

A. T. GIPI'ORD. HYDROGARBON BURNER AND GONNEGTION THEREFOR.

No. 562,819. Patented June 30, 1-896- a II I 7% w I wb nesses.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

(No Model.)

A. T, GIPPORD. HYDROOARBON BURNER AND CONNECTION THEREFOR.

Patented ANDREW EGRMMM.PfiOTO-UTNQWASHINGTOND D UNITED STATES PATENTFries,

ALENZA T. GIFFORD, OF FITCI-IBURG, MASSACHUSETTS.

HYDROCARBON-BURNER AND CONNECTION THEREFOR.

SPECIFICATION forming" part of Letters Patent N 0. 562,819, dated June30, 1896.

Application filed May 31, 1894. Serial No. 512,958. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALENZA T. GIFFORD, of Fitchburg,county of Worcester,State of Massachusetts, have invented an Improvement in HydrocarbonBurners and Connections Therefor, of which the following description,iii connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, likeletters on the drawings representing like parts.

This invention relates to hydrocarbonburners, more particularly of thatclass known as low-pressure burners, the object of the invention being,first, to improve the construction and means for adjustment of theburners to obtain finer and more accurate regulation. and from theexterior of the furnace while the burner is in use, and, second, toprovide suitable means for preventing the flame from a burner drawingback out from the furnace. Low-pressure burners require a largeoutlet-opening in the air-nozzle,while hi gh-pressure burners require asmall outletopening in the air-nozzle.

Prior to my invention it has'been the common practice to constructlow-pressure burners with large unadjustable outlet-openings in theair-nozzle, the quantity of air permitted to pass through the burnerbeing regulated by throttling, that is, by more or less closing theair-supply at some pointremote from the burner.

It is evident that with a large unadjustable outlet-opening in thenozzle, air at varying pressures would not always be projectedtherethrough with sufficient force and eifect to vaporize the oil, andthat therefore any method of regulating a low-pressure burner whichdepends upon the throttling of the airsupply at some point more or lessremote from the burner is necessarily defective in that it cannot at alltimes properly spray or atomize the oil.

In accordance with this present invention I provide a low-pressurehydrocarbon-burner in which different air-nozzles having outletopeningsof varying diameters maybe employed, according to the general "class ofwork for which the furnace is to be used, the supply of air beingregulated, not by throttling, as is now customary, but by varying theconical delivery-opening between the air-nozzle and the oil-tube,whereby the air is maintained always at a substantially-constantpressure, but permitted to flow through the burner in greater or lessquantities, according to the size of the opening at the nozzle. In orderthat large openings may be employed and openings of varying diameter,accordin g to the various classes of work, I employ an oiltube having anenlarged, preferably conical or tapering head, capable of oooperatin gwith outlet-openin gs having a great range in diameter, and so fittedwith relation to the cooperating inner face of the air-nozzle as topreserve at all times, whatever he the size of the opening, a uniformityin the plane of projection of the air and thereby the focal point of theflame.

My invention also comprehends means for adjusting or varying the airsupply at the nozzle, such that adjustment may be effected while theburner is in use or heated.

My invention further com prehends suitable means for projecting a blastof air from back of the outlet of the burner toward the f u rnacewall tokeep the flame from drawing back upon the burner. One simple method ofso complishing this is to provide the air-nozzle withcircumferentially-arranged angular perforations through which the air isprojected to act upon and blow the flame forward away from theair-nozzle. In some instances, however, this is not sufficient, and myinvention also comprehends an air-tube, which may or may not beindependent of the burner, arranged at one side the latter andperforated to project air toward and to keep the flame always insubstantially its proper position.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents in side View the preferredconstruction of burner embodying my invention; Fig. 2, a horizontalsection of the same on the dotted line a? so, the plug a and part of thepipe f being in elevation; and Fig. 5, a detail end view, on smallscale, showing the baffle-pipe f.

Referring to the drawings, in the particular burner there shown toillustrate my invention, A is the shell, shown as tapped at oppositesides at a a. The threaded end of the airsupply pipe (not shown) isscrewed into one of these threaded openings (1-, and to the other may beconnected an air-supply pipe leading to the next burner of a series,where a series is employed, or in case a single burner only IOU isemployed said other opening may be closed by a screw-plug a as shown inthe drawings.

One side the shell or fitting A is provided with an opening to receivethe end of the nipple b, threaded at its outer end to receive theinteriorly-threaded end of the air-nozzle 0, shown as rounded at itsouter end and provided with a suitable air-outlet 0, adjacent which theinner face of the said nozzle is made conical or tapering, as shown at 0Fig. 2. Cooperating with the tapering inner face 0 is the tapering outerface (1 of the enlarged head cl of the oil-tube (Z formed byreducing thetube body 61 to an attenuated form. Tube (1 is threaded atits rear endand screwed into the hollow boss (1 the opening in which extends throughthe back of the shell A and is threaded at (Z to receive the end of theoilsupply tube, (not herein shown,) the openings or passages in the boss(Z oil-tube (Z and the air-nozzle being preferably axially in line, asshown.

Referring now particularly to Fig. 1, as a means for adjusting theair-nozzle, I have connected to the latter a toothed wheel 0 which maybe, and preferably is,formed integral with the nozzle itself, the saidwheel meshing with the spur-pinion 6, fast on the regulating-shaft e,journaled in the lugs c 6 fast on one side of the shell A, and providedat its outer end with a suitable hand operating-wheel e, by which toeffect rotation of the shaft and also rotation of the air-nozzle c.

Rotation of the air-nozzle, threaded upon the nipple 1), causes the saidnozzle to be moved axially toward and from the enlarged head d of theoil-tube, and in order to keep the pinion 6 in mesh with the wheel 0 onthe nozzle without making the former equal to the length of the entirelongitudinal travel of the nozzle, I have herein provided the pinionewith side flanges 6 which lap over the gear 0 and cause the said pinionwith its shaft 6 to move longitudinally with the air-nozzle as thelatter is adjusted.

The operating-shaft e is made of sufficient length to extend rearwardbeyond the burner through and to the exterior or front of the furnace,where the hand-wheel e is at all times accessible for adjustment. Thisis an important feature, for in many lines of business, particularlysuch, for instance, as the tempering of saw-blades, it becomes necessaryto vary the flames of the burners every few moments, according to theparticular condition of the blades.

The enlarged head d of the oil-tube is of sufficient size to cooperatewith any diameter of air-outlet a, so that when the fires are to bestarted any desired air-nozzle may be applied to the shell, according tothe particular character of the fire desired during the day, and thesaid nozzle be thereafter moved with relation to the said head to varythe fire according to the particular condition of the work. The taperingfaces 0 and d of the mixingchamber are parallel, or substantially so, so

that the plane of projection of the air and the focal point of the flamemay be preserved sub stantially uniform whatever the quantity of airpassing through the burner. Vith the oil-tube (Z carried straight out tothe air-nozzle, and its point tapered, as ordinarily, without theenlarged head, the range of opening 0 would be much more limited.

The adjustment of the device is entirely through the air-nozzle, and allthe adjusting mechanism is upon the exterior of the burner, therebyavoiding packing-boxes and complicated construction.

Burners of this class, when in use, are usually arranged outside thefurnace at the front of the latter, with the air-nozzles directly infrontof or projecting slightly into suitable openings in the wall of thefurnace, so that the flame from the nozzle is projected through saidopening or openings into the interior of the furnace. When thesefurnaces are tight. that is, without any draft-outlet, it frequentlyoccurs that the flame doubles back upon itself,

that is, creeps back over the outside of the nozzle and between thelatter and the wall of the opening in the furnace-wall in which thenozzle is inserted. The flame also has atendencyto turn back upon itselfand seek an out let through the hole in the furnace-front through whichthe work is inserted, the flame at such times heating the work outsidethe furnace to such an extent as to render it impossible to hold thesame, except by the use of tongs, which render it extremely difficulttoproperlyhandle the work. To obviate these difficulties, I have hereinshown the nozzle 1. as provided with a continuous series of angularperforations 0 through which air is projected in such a manner as toblow the flame always toward the front in the direction in which it isprojected. I have also shown the plug a as tapped to receive theair-pipe j, which is curved over at the side of the burner and providedwith perforations f, facing the furnace-front, through which air isprojected to heat back the flame and hold the latter within thefurnace-walls.

It will be seen that the various columns of air projected through theperforations c in the air-nozzle form a sort of umbrella, within thelimits of which the flame is confined.

The air-pipe f may be directed to any side of the burner to heat backthe flame at the side at which the workman wishes to stand an d operate,or at any side at which the workopening is located.

My invention is not limited to the particular construction of burnerherein shown, for

the same, as well as the disposition of the air pipes and perforations,may be varied without departing from the spirit and scope of myinvention.

The flanges 6 instead of being arranged upon the pinion 6, may, withlike effect, be arranged upon and in connection with the nozzle and theteeth thereupon.

I claim IIO 1. In a hydrocarbon-burner, a shell, a removable air-nozzlethereon, having an inner tapering front face, combined with an oil-tubewithin said shell, thereby forming a mixingchamber between said shelland said tube, the latter being provided with an enlarged tapering headand an attenuated body, to cooperate with said tapering face, forvarying the quantity of air permitted to pass through the burner, saidhead and body admitting of the application of air-nozzles havingdifferentsized outlet-openings, substantially as described.

2. In a hydrocarbon-burner, a shell containingan oil-tube, combined witha rotatable air-nozzle surrounding said. oil-tube and inlongitudinally-adjustable engagement with said shell, adjusting devicesarranged upon the exterior of said. shell and connected with saidnozzle, and an operating-handle for said adjusting devices extending tothe rear of said burner and outside of the furnace or other connectionof the burner, whereby the flame from said nozzle may be quickly andreadily varied without danger from the heat and without interrupting thework, substantially as described.

3. In a hydrocarbon-burner, a shell containing an oil-tube, acooperating air-nozzle surrounding said. oil-tube to form amixingchamber therebetween and in threaded engagement with said shell,rotationof the said nozzle varying its longitudinal position withrelation to said tube, mechanism for varying at will the flame from saidnozzle by rotating and m ovin g said shell longitudinally, withoutstopping or interrupting the said flame, and an operating-handle forsaid mechanism, said handle being extended from said burner,substantially as described.

4:. In a hydrocarbon-burner, a shell C011? taining an oil-tube, combinedwith a cooperating air-nozzle in threaded engagement with said shell andprovided at its outer side with gear-teeth, an adj Listing-shaft mountedin bearings at the side of the said shell, and a pinion fast thereon inmesh with the teeth on the said nozzle, whereby the latter is rotatedand thereby adjusted by the said shaft, and flanges on the said pinionto cause the latter to follow the nozzle in its longitudinal movement,substantially as described.

5. In a hydrocarbon-burner, an oil-tube, an air-nozzle surrounding thesame, and provided with a usual opening through which air and oil areprojected and ignited into flame, said air-nozzle having one or moreperforations back of said flame-opening through which an air blast orblasts are projected, said one or more perforations being arranged to beout of the normal range of the flame, but extending at an acute anglethereto, whereby to beat back the flame within its said normal range,substantially as described.

6. The combination with a hydrocarbonburner, having an oil-tube, and acooperating air-nozzle, to spray the oil issuing therefrom, of anair-conduit independent of said nozzle and provided with perforationsdirected at an angle to the line of projection of the oil-spray, throughwhich air is projected without the furnace toward the furnace-front tobeatback the flame and thereby shield the workman operating the burner,substantially as described.

7. In a hydrocarbon-burner, a shell containing an oil-tube, and acooperating airnozzle provided with a flame-opening, and one or moreperforations formed at an angle to said flame-opening back of saidopening, through which air is projected to beat back the flames,combined with a perforated airconduit through which also airis'projected to beat back the flames, whereby the flames are kept withinthe furnace and the workmen are protected, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

ALENZA T. GIFFORD. l/Vitnesses:

JOHN F. OBRIEN, LIZZIE G. I-IAcKE'r'r.

